10 research outputs found
Phase transitions in the q-voter model with two types of stochastic driving
In this paper we study nonlinear -voter model with stochastic driving on a
complete graph. We investigate two types of stochasticity that, using the
language of social sciences, can be interpreted as different kinds of
nonconformity. From a social point of view, it is very important to distinguish
between two types nonconformity, so called anti-conformity and independence. A
majority of works suggests that these social differences may be completely
irrelevant in terms of microscopic modeling that uses tools of statistical
physics and that both types of nonconformity play the role of so called 'social
temperature'. In this paper we clarify the concept of 'social temperature' and
show that different type of 'noise' may lead to qualitatively different
emergent properties. In particularly, we show that in the model with
anti-conformity the critical value of noise increases with parameter ,
whereas in the model with independence the critical value of noise decreases
with the . Moreover, in the model with anti-conformity the phase transition
is continuous for any value of , whereas in the model with independence the
transition is continuous for and discontinuous for
Opinion dynamics: models, extensions and external effects
Recently, social phenomena have received a lot of attention not only from
social scientists, but also from physicists, mathematicians and computer
scientists, in the emerging interdisciplinary field of complex system science.
Opinion dynamics is one of the processes studied, since opinions are the
drivers of human behaviour, and play a crucial role in many global challenges
that our complex world and societies are facing: global financial crises,
global pandemics, growth of cities, urbanisation and migration patterns, and
last but not least important, climate change and environmental sustainability
and protection. Opinion formation is a complex process affected by the
interplay of different elements, including the individual predisposition, the
influence of positive and negative peer interaction (social networks playing a
crucial role in this respect), the information each individual is exposed to,
and many others. Several models inspired from those in use in physics have been
developed to encompass many of these elements, and to allow for the
identification of the mechanisms involved in the opinion formation process and
the understanding of their role, with the practical aim of simulating opinion
formation and spreading under various conditions. These modelling schemes range
from binary simple models such as the voter model, to multi-dimensional
continuous approaches. Here, we provide a review of recent methods, focusing on
models employing both peer interaction and external information, and
emphasising the role that less studied mechanisms, such as disagreement, has in
driving the opinion dynamics. [...]Comment: 42 pages, 6 figure
Dynamic network approach to marriage/divorces problem
We extend "stable marriage problem" studied via computer simulation (agent-based) from network perspective by dynamical generalization. We investigate how preferential or random attachment of individuals can affect simulation results such as: proportion of singles in society, number of divorces etc. We took into account attractiveness of individuals and its different types as well as personal taste. Current value of socio-economic pressure p (main model parameter) drives the dynamic of first marriage, remarriage or spontaneously marriage breaks up. Model reflects the behavior of the simplified heterosexual population (frequency of changing partners, the ratio of singles in society). Theoretical agent-based simulation (with populational approaches, e.g. Births and deaths) should be later supplemented by historical values of divorces/marriages in different countries of the world. Stable (constant) society was also implemented to show difference with "living" society. In this model, agents have attribute of attraction. Preferential attachment, known from network theory, was introduced, to mimic selection process. Additionally, totally random attachment (not attraction-depended) was also implemented for contrast
Is It Necessary to Lie to Win a Controversial Public Debate?:An Answer from Sociophysics
Controversial public debates driven by incomplete scientific data where nobody can claim absolute certainty, due to the current state of scientific knowledge, are studied. To adopt a cautious balanced attitude based on clear but inconclusive data appears to be a lose-out strategy. In contrast overstating arguments with incorrect claims which cannot be scientifically refuted appears to be necessary but not sufficient to eventually win a public debate. The underlying key mechanisms of these puzzling and unfortunate conclusions are identified using the Galam Unifying Frame (GUF) of opinion dynamics. It reveals that the existence of inflexible agents and their respective proportions are the instrumental parameters to determine the faith of incomplete scientific data in public debates. Acting on one’s own inflexible proportion modifies the topology of the flow diagram, which in turn can make irrelevant the value of initial support. On the contrary focusing on open-minded agents may be useless given some topologies. Accordingly, the inflexibles rather than the data are found to drive the opinion of the population. The results shed a new but disturbing light on designing adequate strategies to win a public debate. The cases of global warming is briefly discussed